dave_a_mbs
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Hi Duboisuk- You've asked the ultimate question. I earnestly hope that you'll keep on asking it, because it leads to discovery of the ultimate nature that "That Which Is Real" - which defies description.
We do not learn by afirmations, but by bumping into things, by stubbing our toes against lumps of unexpected reality.
Physically we acquire descriptive knowledge by frequently encountering clusters of phenomena, like Pavlov's dog, who associated food and a ringing bell until the bell alone suggested food. Then we learn choice through reinforcement, like B F Skinner's pigeons who were given corn each time they turned to the right, until they were deliberately dancing in right handed circles. This is useful for getting through the world, but it is not the deep certainty of reality.
To paraphrase Descartes, an "evil genius" might be manufacturing a world out of wax, so that you believe in it, yet it is not truely valid. The world of drug addicts is like that - a make believe world of hedonic gratifications that seems real, yet which dissolves when the supply of drugs runs out. Descartes decided that the best that he could "know" was that he was a "thinking thing". (Literally, "une chose pensante" is the Duc de Luyns translation.)
In his introductory stanza to the Tao Teh Ching, Lao Tze pointed out, "The Way that can be described is not the actual Way."
Ramana Maharshi continuallty asked the same question, but in the form, "What am I?" Ultimately he arrived at an idea of the "Self".
The best we can say is that we learn through adversity, by colliding with contradictions between our prior ideas of reality and the immediate experience of the moment. That is good for getting through the world, but it fails to tell us what is real.
The philosopher Georg Hegel attempted to reduce everything to a transcendental phenomenology in which the primitive state was both necessary and sufficient to develop the rest. His Philosophical Propadeutics is well worth reading (and very clear).
The Church Apologists, such as St Thomas Aquinas, attempted to develop models of reality out of an initial postulate of an "Uncaused Cause". Nowadays the politically correct term is "Friedman-Lemaitre Big Bang Model", but it boils down to the same thing.
Philosophy gives a "descriptive model of reality". Perhaps the model is totally correct. (I doubt that!) Then, as the late semantacist S I Hayakawa never tired of telling us, "The map is not the territory." In the same way, a philosohical model of reality is not the reality that is being modeled. Knowledge of quantum mechanics is not the same as a direct experience of the world of atoms, electrons and photons.
Perhaps the best that anyone can say is, "This seems real at the moment," and then we move on, expecting change. Having no ultimate grounding point, reality is what you take it to be.
May you keep asking that question, and as you ask it, may the reality you experience bring you love, joy and wisdom.
dave
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