B-dawg
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Missoula, Montana
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I recall a tale about Crowly and his friends regularly and adequately dosed themselves on heroin and cannabis, thus establishing a sense of the world in which mysticism might occur. They were attempting to perform a spell in which the odor of roses was one of the outcomes. At the crucial moment Crowly waved his hands and there was a huge Crash! The entire toilet assembly from the flat above them had come crashing down through the floor, to spill and distribute an odor, but not quite that of roses.
Why our culture is the way it is is because it feels good. When we are insecure, we tend to look for things that reduce stress.
That which reduces feelings of stress is a Negative Reinforcer. Negative Reinforcers reduce some sensation and make you feel better (aspirin removes headache). They differ from Positive Reinforcers. Positive (it gives or increases something) Reinforcers Increase stimulus and give better feeling. (Win the Lottery, get a prize.)
Don't confuse negative reinforcers with punishers. Negative Punishers (take away pleasure, "You're grounded, can't go out.") and Positive Punishers (Give unpleasant feeling, Slap!)
Negative reinforcers are extremely powerful. Punishers tend to inhibit the last behavior, which is to doubt the religious system, while belief in someone else to save us reduces the stress of confusion and self doubt. As a result, we negatively reinforce the tendency toward creating or adopting some kind of organizational system to handle perplexing beliefs.
If you wear a hat to the races and win occasionally while losing many times, the power of winning will stick with you, while you'll generally forget the losses, because it is unpleasant (punishing) to recall them. Association with winning and the hat typically lead to "My lucky hat", even though overall you're losing. This is human psychology. Thus, to the degree that an occasional word of Scripture makes you feel better, you'll tend to become a believer, and you'll put aside all the other areas of life in which Scriptures seem to be inadequate, because these are punishing in their nature.
In modern American life, the adrenaline rush available at a revival meeting, where we all receive "Salvation and Strawberry Fields Forever, Amen" is a fantastic positive reinforcer, and by removing our fears of the future, even if only for a moment, it is also a negative reinforcer.
To go the next step and be "reborn" adds a level of attainment, generally associated with the positive reinforcement of achievement of a light trance, which is also the positive reinforcere associated with Hindu and Buddhist revivalist experiences. Major steps into trance are chanting, singing, dancing, meditating, sacramental drugs (wine, annointing oils, ganja, peyote, and such), all of which act mor or less the same way. Trance feels good and is a positive reinforcer, while pushing anxieties and confusion out of the mind is a negative reinforcer, so revivals hook lots of people.
This has nothing to do with the validity of Scripture. However, every major scientist either has a belief in a "Cause" of the universe, like my view of God which happens to be expressed as a statistical tendency, or the Big Bang, or its equivalent (I'm not a member of the Big Bang Gang, I prefer a distributed mini-Bang model) where their faith begins with belief in an initial creation due to the Principles of Physics, so that the world is nice and orderly.
Beyond this, to actually go into trance and do spiritual work with the dead, or to meditate and attain any of the permanent levels of spiritual advancement such as satchitananda, quieting the mind, sarvastarka samadhi etc, is also a powerful positive reinforcer, further creating belief in that associated religious system. However, here too we see the same psychological effect. If you started as a Hindu and reached a trance state, then it would tend to fixate your beliefs into Hinduism, ignoring inconsistencies. That's the same effect of reinforcement and psychology, not a product of the Hindu philosophical system. If you did it through drugs, then you might wind up viewing LSD as the Messiah (as many people proclaimed in the 1960 - 1970 era).
Atheists are professional doubters, Boat Rockers, Ripple Makers, and as such, they deny the sources of spiritual joy that reinforce others. Their beliefs tend to make True Believers feel upset and ill at ease, because they take away the comfortable feeling of knowing everything. (Feeling ill at ease is a positive punisher.) To a True Believer, it's rather like a political party that proclaims Tyranny to be the best path, and which would promptly be cast out of our system by dedicated believers in a Republican government. (Casting them out gets rid of the annoyance and feels good, hence it is a negative reinforcer.)
So - to answer the question directly, we are superstitious because it seems to feel good, and allows us to not have to deal with things we fail to understand, and which bother us. It is a purely psychological phenomenon, based on the manner in which we handle reinforcers and punishers, and it has nothing at all to do with spirits, black flies, God, Satan, or the phases of the moon.
d ***************** Well, that's as good an analysis as I've heard yet, Dave. Too bad it IS that way...
B-man
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